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- <text id=91TT0551>
- <title>
- Mar. 18, 1991: Soviet Union:Operation Steppe Shield?
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Mar. 18, 1991 A Moment To Savor
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 59
- SOVIET UNION
- Operation Steppe Shield?
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Washington is worried that a show of U.S. military muscle might
- be needed if civil war engulfs the U.S.S.R.
- </p>
- <p> American intervention in a Soviet civil war? The thought
- sounds even crazier than--oh, say, a suggestion last Aug. 1
- that the U.S. might send half a million soldiers, sailors and
- aviators to the Persian Gulf to fight a war against Iraq. But
- around the Pentagon and the CIA, the question is by no means
- dismissed out of hand: circumstances can be foreseen in which
- the dilemma would at least need to be addressed.
- </p>
- <p> There is nothing farfetched about the idea that there might
- be a civil war in the U.S.S.R. Senior American intelligence
- officials believe there is a "very real" possibility of
- widespread disorder; several analysts compare 1991 with 1917,
- the year of the Bolshevik Revolution. A complete breakdown,
- they fear, could happen with stunning rapidity, perhaps in only
- 10 to 20 days. Says an assessment drafted last week: "Labor
- strikes in key sectors at the same time political and military
- power is being fragmented by [secessionist moves on the part
- of] republics, and even [individual] cities...could create
- a sudden economic collapse which could cause civil unrest."
- </p>
- <p> Similar fears are being voiced in the U.S.S.R., and the
- approach of a nationwide referendum on March 17 has done
- nothing to ease them. President Mikhail Gorbachev is asking
- citizens to vote yes or no on preserving the union; the
- question is unsubtly worded virtually to demand a yes reply.
- A Pravda editorial posed the choice as "Union or Chaos."
- </p>
- <p> Chaos seems likely in any case. Six of the 15 republics have
- refused to take part; Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia have held
- their own referendums, denounced as illegal by Gorbachev, in
- which voters opted for independence by heavy margins. Other
- republics have, without sanction, altered the question or
- hooked others onto it. Citizens of the Russian republic will
- decide whether to have a popularly elected President; if they
- say yes, Boris Yeltsin could win a popular mandate that would
- enable him to mount a stronger challenge than ever to
- Gorbachev. The central government has announced that it will
- not take no for an answer; if any republic returns a negative
- majority, it still would not be permitted to secede. Radical
- sociologist Boris Grushin writes that the referendum could
- begin "a balancing act on the brink of civil war."
- </p>
- <p> As long as Gorbachev stays in power, George Bush will try
- to work with him. But Administration officials worry about what
- might happen if Gorbachev is replaced, or co-opted, by a
- military junta. Suppose, for example, the new regime attempted
- an outright conquest and occupation of the Baltics, which
- called on the U.S. for help? Or suppose it not only repressed
- internal dissidents but also canceled Gorbachev's plans to pull
- remaining Soviet troops out of Eastern Europe?
- </p>
- <p> Some military and intelligence officers believe the U.S.
- should send a strong signal to discourage Soviet backsliding
- and ready plans in case it occurs. At a minimum, says National
- Security Adviser Brent Scowcroft, "given...the turmoil in
- the Soviet Union, this is not the time to decide that there's
- a completely new era and a U.S. presence can be removed" from
- Europe. Pentagon and CIA officials also have begun a careful
- evaluation of plans to redeploy units from the gulf. Some
- warships previously bound for home ports may be delayed.
- Officials hint that ground troops normally based in Europe but
- set to return to the U.S. will do so--but maybe not quite as
- soon as they would hope.
- </p>
- <p>By George J. Church. Reported by Michael Duffy/Washington.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
-